zarkle wrote: Sat Mar 07, 2026 12:52 am
I meant to say fascism has its evolutionary roots in a strong man charismatic leader that works on the principle of loyalty in Haidt's moral foundations. Humans are biologically hardwired to be loyal to a powerful tribe leader. That's the core of fascism. I implied fascism taps into ancient neuro-circuitry in our brains that encourages us to be loyal to a alpha male tribe leader.
As I discussed previously. Hitler was an extreme us vs them thinker who depicted Jews as a cosmic evil and Aryan's as all wholesome good. Showing clear evolutionary psychological basis that can be explained with Sapolsky's model. With Musolini its not as clear as he was far more nuanced but still meet the definition of a charismatic leader that people showed loyalty too. I admit I can't explain Musolini's behavior in evo psychological terms as well as Hitlers. So I partially concede
Which is something of a strong concession because Mussolini was much more physically imposing and behaved and looked much more like a "Chad" then Hitler. The series
Mussolini: Son of The Century really does drive home the way that Mussolini's fascism was really more like a radical avante-garde art project, which I think places it beyond what your describing, if you know about Italian futurism which was influential on Mussolini and later was merged into Italian fascism. The other school of the futurist artistic
avante-garde sided with the Bolsheviks, so I'm not sure how the vague sense that emerged at the start of the 20th century prior to WWI that we were living in a new world, everything needed to be overthrown, cars, planes, explosions, provocation and violence were cool etc. is inherently tied to the primitive primal us vs them evo-psych you describe. You actually had to be a huge nerd to be aware of it and to be into it when it was cool and to understand it. Futurism, particularly the Italian variety, may have fetishized action but it was an art project for nerds. They may have strived for combining the brutish and primitive with the intellectual, much like how the Greeks thought the ideal man was say a wrestler who was also a philosopher, and yeah, Plato was a wrestler and the name he took on wasn't his birth-name but his wrestler-name, it means broad but again this is for nerds. Nerds want to be smarter and more capable of violence, "jocks" who peaked in high school and frat boys generally aren't thinking about how they can make manifest some avante-garde art project or abstract ideological into reality, they are satisfied with their 250 bench-press, they talk about their gf/wife, kids if they have them, watch sports and slop TV. They may even be somewhat jealous of men and women who are smarter than them but it generally doesn't drive them to teach themselves Latin or German or read philosophy so they can combine intellect with their physical gifts.
Which brings me to the point that actually strong men aren't driven to manifest themselves into a Nietzschean archetype that will mould the people and world around them to match their will. Your more likely to hear from one of these guys that he's a Christian or "loves everyone and believes in doing the right thing" in a vague abstract sense. If you look at actual anthropology, the person who was chief in a tribal society was often the person who was the most generous, giving gifts to other people with the wealth he had, who people liked the most, who is competent and wise. There maybe some truth to the notion that the chief was often one of the "wealthier" people of a tribe but he was also the person who gave the most away. We have no need to assume that human beings before civilization were angels for this to be the case.
As for Mises. I agree with them on the subjective theory of value but strongly disagree with them on landlords, patents and absentee land titles. So you can understand my nuance. You are right about landlords being unthinkable to early classical liberals who showed skepticism of them. 19th century classical liberals would conflict with Rand, Mises and Rothbard here.
I mean... while that's theoretically possible, a huge factor motivating the move to marginalism was to defend landed property and passive rentier financial extraction. Jevons for instance suggested that rent was merely a function of pricing utility and helped set the stage for marginalism. But that was a very pedantic point which ignored the historical reality underwriting landownership and the fact that landlords don't work themselves either their tenants improve the property if say they own a large estate or they hire builders who build the housing, and commercial buildings they intend to rent out. On the frontier in Australia, America and other frontier settler societies in the same century land was practically worthless or very cheap, land that was far more fertile with more valuable resources than what existed in much of Europe but especially Britain. Why? Because, cheap labor wasn't readily available for a farmer to turn himself into a plantation-owner and because it was hard to either sell or demand rent for land at high prices when it was widely distributed, nor was it easy to coerce people into being peasant-like rent paying subjects to someone who doesn't work when free or cheap land is still widely available. Ruling classes have frequently lived off some form of rent-extraction since civilization arose but in ancient mesopotamia, land was practically value-less, what mattered was coercing labor to work said land. So there was ample evidence that the ideas that Jevons and other marginalists defended were false from actual historical experience that existed in their lifetime or close to it. Why does that matter?
For this reason:
"Lastly, Science, Reason and reductionism from the enlightenment clearly work and liberalism is known to
reason its way out of its own bullshit" clearly, the marginalists who often were tenured professors who often came from families with substantial landed property, as professors often did in the Britain of that era, did not reason their way out of their own bullshit. What Upton Sinclair said is very true, "It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it." I maybe wasting my breath on trying to convince you out of marginalism, it seems to me like a parasite that gets stuck in men's minds, but since you seem to view yourself as someone who can reason themselves out of their own bullshit, I will try.
To start with, Walras's theory of perfect competition which undergirds micro-economics posits that in a world of truly perfect competition there will be no profit. But, what is capitalist production? It is production for profit. So either in this hypothetical we arrive in the end of capitalism, or, some of the capitalists involved in business decide its a waste of their time, so they cash out their enterprises, shut them down, splurge on themselves instead, some of the more stubborn capitalists remain in the game and eventually there is enough of a lack of competition to return the remaining firms back to profitability. So the whole thing is a tautology, when Walras proposed it when there was far more competition and lower barrier to entry then exists in business today. Therefore, the notion of profit being the result of "imperfect information" then becomes a practical necessity to keep a market-economy going, what do firms in a market economy respond to? Signals in demand that allow them to produce at profitable prices. And what would be a profitable price in an imaginary world of perfect competition or, and computers/the internet allows us to get closer to this then ever, a world where the consumer can get the best possible price available on the market at all times? Computer networks and databases do get us much closer to imagining a world without "imperfect information" in pricing. In theory, if we imagine the customer as someone who wants the best possible price for the product them having really accurate means to check prices at all times will progressively lead to a state of very low or no profit. The threshold for perfect information/competition is set up to be so high that it can't possibly be fulfilled by the real world, to a large extent, because marginalism to some extent because marginalists set up their own unfalsifiable premises but its not simple error, marginalists are generally people who do not want capitalism to end.
What's the alternative to this? Profit itself is built right into the system. A factory worker works an 8 hour day, let's say two of those hours he's working he's working for himself functionally to produce the paycheck he needs to survive, four of those hours goes into reproducing the overhead of the firm he works in, the building, the machines, inputs etc. what of the remaining two? Those would be the hours he works for the capitalists who own the firm. Its well-known for instance that companies generally make a product and sell it for more than it costs to produce. This is the difference between the cost-price of the commodity (what it costs to produce internally) and the value of the commodity (its price on the market). So there you go, profit is built right in, we don't have to invent scenarios where a glass of water is more valuable in a desert to a thirsty traveler then it is to someone lounging in a fresh spring. We're talking about average and aggregate experiences here and not really an exception like that. Of course, one could imagine a more pedestrian scenario where a cut of ham has more value to a hungry customer then a pig farmer but the inverse is true to, everything the farmer wants or needs besides pigs is produced by someone who "wants it less" than him because they have more than they need for personal use but this doesn't really explain how society gets any richer by trade on net because all that is happening here is people are functionally scamming each other by selling a thing for less than they value if they simply produced it for themselves. A very close analogue to this was actually addressed in the first chapters of Vol 1, if not the very first, along with the "mudpies" argument.
Could it be society gets richer because we all want more things that so we're working harder to make more things for trade and then eventually we found out a way to make more of those things faster? The problem is we live under capitalism and we don't work for things, we work for
money and while it may feel this way to a consumer, especially in in a expansionary phase of the industrial cycle, they trade their labor for money which they use to buy commodities. The firms they work for produce more things sure but to make more money and where does that come from? We addressed exploitation as surplus labor time but there is another component and that's gold, which allows for the expansion of the money supply which produces more demand and higher/more profitable prices. And the underlying source of expanded money supply is gold, which is why I would submit that those marginalists who favor the gold standard have absolutely no idea why they truly do. Money could be anything which is why Keynes and Friedman's anti-gold standard stance is not some betrayal. Strangely, they think as if they live in a socialist economy where people exchange labor for good with money being only an intermediary. But, here is gold's role in the system: because it takes an extreme amount of labor to produce a single ounce of it, it becomes a medium for universal exchange not merely because its scarce but because it takes an extreme amount of labor and constant capital investment to produce it. Its role is to be the ultimate commodity that labor is used to metabolize into existence. That's how it becomes a store of value.
Here's why it works, under a classical gold standard, gold simply is money, so the prices of commodities directly reflect this. When prices fall, this acts to spur gold production as the commodities the producer and his workforce need to undertake production fall in value and gold appreciates. When commodity prices rise, usually after a renewed upswing in gold production and/or a long-sustained depression, that means gold is devalued against commodities. The gold mine owner produces money directly and so what he actually trades gold for, whatever he thinks he's doing, is for non-gold commodities. During a boom phase, the production of gold is typically disincentivized during a depression phase its incentivized. This is also how labor value manifests as a equilibrium produced through disequilibrium. During a depression there's a fall in prices under the gold standard and commodities are often sold at a loss, those producers still producing eke out low profits, break even, or even go into the red provided they can staveoff bankruptcy. And the converse, high gold production produces higher prices and higher profits but the "gold break" is part of why full-employment and full-industrial output is never reached. Now, I don't have time to explain how it works on nominally fiat systems but I would argue we are under a de facto gold standard of sorts regardless.
Another point against marginalism is the notion that the interest rate is determined by the scarcity of capital against the need for it but this goes against actual experience, when capital is most in oversupply at the height of a boom that's actually when interest rates are highest, which in itself indicates high demand for it, but when interest rates are lowest is in a depression -- precisely after a large quantity of capital is typically destroyed and pressing need for capital, to say nothing of pressing human needs, is greatest.
Says Law is false because commodities become overproduced relative to money not because there's no pressing human need for more things. That is why a generalized crisis of overproduction is not only possible but regularly recurrent since the early 1820s at the latest.
You might also be interested in how Sraffa, who wasn't Marxist but rather a neo-ricardian, refuted marginalism at the academic level in the 1960s:
https://critiqueofcrisistheory.com/wher ... omy-going/
Lysander Spooner took classical liberal ideas and used them in unthinkably radical ways during his time such as abolition of slavery
I mean Robespierre abolished slavery in the French Empire in 1793 and then the British empire abolished it in 1833 with chattel slavery finally ending in 1838 according to the passage of the law.
I don't fully agree with his anarcho communist gift economy.
Gift economies have a long history, worth reading Graeber's work on Debt here though the really revolutionary stuff was cribbed from Michael Hudson. The anthropological data on gift economics as a form of redistribution is rich but doesn't really explain much in itself. Lords pariticipated in gift-based economics when dealing with each other and with the lower classes in medieval Europe but the reason they had so much to give was they were at the apex of the feudal social hierarchy. A lord throwing a feast for his peasants and gift economics within the context of a hunter-gatherer tribe are not the same thing, though it may have been a practice that functionally stemmed from European tribal roots that was conserved socially and doctrinally in Christianity particularly with the focus on charity.
Spooner, Proudhon, and Kropotkin and others bring useful stuff to the table. All Marx brings is a silly story about oppressed vs oppressors and violent revolution and it leads to about 66-70 million deaths excluding tsar, nazis and naturalistic famines. So maybe we can learn from history to entirely reject Marx and take other radicals serious.
yeah you don't really arrive at those numbers by making those exclusions but okay. I'm not even going to argue with that methodologically plenty of people have, all I can say is that low key killing people is kinda goated. You got the British, American and French Revolutions that created liberalism in the first place by killing people. And to the point, you say you don't like stories about oppressors and oppressed. So does that mean the antis are our brothers? are the hateful parents? are the pigs, prosecutors, prison guards our brothers and sisters as MAPs? This is actually why Marx won out against Weitling and Prodhoun's supporters at the meeting of the league of the just in 1847. Weitling, who was a Christian, preached that all men are brothers while Marx and Engels told the working class activists in attendance that that was a bad slogan because the bourgeoisie and the workers aren't brothers but enemies. Also, here's another thing, Marx and Engels actually showed up whereas Prodhoun and Weitling didn't even bother to attend.
So, there's a lot in that, I didn't make this thread to defend Marxism but Marxism is apparently the ideology of radicals who have enough discipline to show up to things.
And there's no doubt that if MAPs were 1. more disciplined 2. more pushy, more angry, more vocal, meaner to enemies and yes, more violent but strategically so, such as in the realm of self-defense, then MAPs would be a lot freer than they are today. And that's just a fact.
That, in addition to a capacity for systemic and theoretical thinking, is what MAPs could learn from Marxism.